Longevity Peptides

Pineal cytamin · Pineal gland peptides · A-8 pineal peptides

A cytamin-class peptide supplement derived from pineal gland tissue, part of the Russian bioregulator framework. Marketed as an oral supplement for pineal function and melatonin support. Contains peptide complexes rather than defined sequences. No Western clinical validation.

Epitalon · Epithalone · AEDG peptide

Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, AEDG) has produced telomere-related changes in cultured human cells, including a 2025 independent laboratory report. Those experiments do not show longer human life or safe clinical use; controlled human efficacy and exposure data remain unavailable.

FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso · FOXO4-DRI Peptide · Proxofim

FOXO4-DRI is an experimental D-retro-inverso peptide studied for disruption of the FOXO4-p53 interaction and senescent-cell apoptosis. Findings come from molecular, cell, organ-culture and animal models; human treatment efficacy and safety have not been established.

GSH · L-Glutathione · Reduced Glutathione +1

The master antioxidant and most abundant intracellular thiol in mammalian cells. This naturally occurring tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) is essential for detoxification, immune function, and cellular protection. Extensively studied with strong mechanistic understanding and growing clinical evidence.

HN · HN peptide

A 24-amino acid mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) discovered in 2001 that shows cytoprotective effects in cell and animal studies. Human studies mostly measure endogenous humanin levels; associations with aging or disease do not show that administered humanin is beneficial or safe. HNG and colivelin are modified analogues, not interchangeable names for native humanin.

Alpha-Klotho · KL protein · Anti-aging protein

An anti-aging transmembrane protein linked to longevity in animal models. Mouse studies demonstrate 15-20% lifespan extension. Primate cognition data published in Nature Aging. Klotho Neurosciences developing therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative disease.

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c · Mitochondrial-derived peptide · MOTS-C peptide

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide investigated in metabolism, muscle and host-defense models. Human studies chiefly measure endogenous MOTS-c; a registered native-peptide intervention has not yet reported outcomes.

Small Humanin-Like Peptide 2 · SHLP2 · Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide 2

A 26-amino acid mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) discovered in 2016 from the same mitochondrial DNA region as humanin. Shows cytoprotective, metabolic, and potential longevity effects in preclinical studies. Part of an emerging class of mitochondrial signaling molecules, but human therapeutic data is lacking.

Small Humanin-Like Peptide 6 · SHLP6

SHLP-6 is a mitochondria-derived peptide studied in cell and zebrafish models, a preliminary mouse cancer abstract, genetics, and observational human research. None establishes selective senescent-cell clearance, cancer treatment, or therapeutic benefit in people.

Elamipretide · Bendavia · MTP-131

SS-31 is elamipretide, a cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide. FDA granted accelerated approval to the specific Forzinity product to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients weighing at least 30 kg; confirmatory clinical benefit remains to be verified. The larger MMPOWER-3 trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy missed both primary endpoints.