Immune Peptides
Immunomodulatory peptides and thymic factors. Evidence-based dossiers on thymosin alpha-1, LL-37, and related compounds.
Immune peptides include thymic peptides, antimicrobial peptides, and immunomodulators studied for their effects on immune system regulation, infection defense, and inflammatory conditions.
Alpha-Defensins
HNP-1, HNP-2, HNP-3 +5 more
A family of small cationic antimicrobial peptides (29-35 amino acids) that are key components of innate immunity in humans. Produced primarily by neutrophils (HNP-1 to 4) and Paneth cells (HD-5, HD-6), they exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions. Well-characterized biochemically with extensive research, though therapeutic development faces challenges.
KPV
Lys-Pro-Val, Lysine-Proline-Valine, alpha-MSH(11-13) +1 more
A naturally occurring tripeptide derived from the C-terminus of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Preclinical studies demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory effects via NF-kB inhibition, but no human clinical trials have been conducted. Research has focused on inflammatory bowel disease and skin inflammation models.
Kristagen
EDG, Glu-Asp-Gly, Immune tripeptide
A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Russian scientist Vladimir Khavinson, claimed to regulate thymus function and support immune cell differentiation. No Western clinical validation exists; research is limited to Russian preclinical studies.
Lactoferricin
LFcinB, Lactoferricin B, LfcinB +1 more
An antimicrobial peptide derived from lactoferrin, a protein found in milk and other secretions. Shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in laboratory studies. Research focuses on potential applications in infectious disease, food safety, and cancer. Primarily studied preclinically with very limited human clinical data. Not approved as a therapeutic by any regulatory agency.
LL-37
Cathelicidin, hCAP18, Human Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide 18 +3 more
The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, discovered at Karolinska Institute in Sweden (1995). A 37-amino acid peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions. Extensive mechanistic research supports roles in innate immunity, wound healing, and host defense.
Murepavadin
POL7080, RG7929
A first-in-class cyclic antimicrobial peptide targeting the LptD outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first OMPTA (outer membrane protein targeting antibiotic) to reach clinical development. IV formulation discontinued due to nephrotoxicity; inhaled formulation continues Phase 3 development for cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis patients.
Thymalin
Thymulin, Thymic Factor, Timalin +1 more
A thymic peptide complex developed in Russia and used clinically in the former Soviet Union for immunomodulation. Derived from calf thymus extract, it contains multiple peptides claimed to restore immune function. Approved in Russia since the 1970s but not recognized by Western regulatory agencies. Evidence comes primarily from Russian studies with limited Western replication.
Thymogen
Glu-Trp, EW dipeptide, Timogen +2 more
A synthetic dipeptide (glutamyl-tryptophan) developed in Russia as a defined successor to thymalin. Approved in Russia for immunomodulation with extensive Russian clinical literature. Represents an attempt to create a standardized, synthetic thymic peptide. Not approved by Western regulatory agencies.
Thymosin Alpha-1
Ta1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin +1 more
A 28-amino acid immunomodulatory peptide approved in over 35 countries including China and Italy for hepatitis B/C, cancer adjuvant therapy, and immunodeficiency. Extensive human clinical trial data spanning decades with strong evidence for immune enhancement.
Thymulin
FTS, Facteur Thymique Serique, Serum Thymic Factor +1 more
A zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone produced by thymic epithelial cells, discovered in 1977. Requires zinc binding for biological activity and plays a role in T-cell differentiation and immune regulation. While well-characterized biochemically, therapeutic development has been limited compared to other thymic peptides like thymosin alpha-1.
Vilon
KE, Lys-Glu, Dilysine +1 more
A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) developed by Russian scientist Vladimir Khavinson as part of the peptide bioregulation framework. Claimed to support thymus gland function and immune modulation. No Western clinical validation exists; all research originates from Russian institutes.
Vladonix
Thymus cytamin, Thymic peptide supplement, A-19 thymus peptides
A cytamin-class peptide supplement derived from thymus tissue, part of the Russian bioregulator framework. Marketed as an oral supplement for immune support. Contains peptide complexes rather than defined sequences. No Western clinical validation.
About This Category
Immunomodulatory peptides work through diverse mechanisms including thymic education of T-cells, direct antimicrobial activity, and cytokine modulation. Thymosin alpha-1 is one of the most clinically validated peptides in this category, with approval in several countries for hepatitis and immune deficiency conditions.