Repair & Recovery Peptides
Healing peptides and tissue repair compounds. Evidence-based dossiers on BPC-157, TB-500, and related peptides.
Repair and recovery peptides are investigated for their potential roles in tissue healing, inflammation modulation, and injury recovery. Many of these peptides have substantial preclinical research but limited human clinical trial data.
BPC-157
Body Protection Compound-157 · Bepecin · PL 14736 +1
BPC-157 is a synthetic gastric-peptide fragment with extensive preclinical literature but small, heterogeneous human evidence: three full primary reports and two controlled study groups reported only in meeting abstracts. It has no FDA-approved formulation or validated clinical regimen.
Cartalax
AED peptide · Ala-Glu-Asp · cartilage bioregulator
A synthetic tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp) from Vladimir Khavinson's bioregulator framework, proposed to support cartilage tissue repair and chondrocyte function. All research originates from Russian institutes with no independent Western validation or controlled human clinical trials.
GHK
Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine · GHK tripeptide · Liver cell growth factor
A naturally occurring tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) with copper-binding affinity and wound healing properties. The base form of GHK without added copper. Endogenous to human plasma where it circulates bound to copper. Declines with age. Most research focuses on the copper-complexed form (GHK-Cu), making evidence for GHK alone limited. Primarily relevant as the precursor to GHK-Cu.
GHK-Cu
Copper Peptide GHK · Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Copper
GHK-Cu is the copper complex of the GHK tripeptide. Cell and animal studies support matrix-remodeling mechanisms, while small topical human studies give mixed results; these findings do not establish injected GHK-Cu efficacy or safety.
Sigumir
Cartilage cytamin · Joint peptides · A-4 cartilage peptides
A cytamin-class peptide supplement derived from cartilage tissue, part of the Russian bioregulator framework. Marketed as an oral supplement for joint and cartilage support. Contains peptide complexes rather than defined sequences. No Western clinical validation.
TB-500
Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment · TB4-FRAG
TB-500 commonly denotes N-acetyl-LKKTETQ, a seven-residue fragment of thymosin beta-4. Full-length thymosin beta-4 trial results do not establish this fragment's efficacy or safety. No human TB-500 exposure data were identified in FDA's compounding review.
About This Category
Many repair and recovery peptides have extensive preclinical (animal and in vitro) research but limited human clinical trial data. We clearly label the evidence level for each peptide and distinguish between what's demonstrated in humans versus what's observed in preclinical models.