What Are GLP-1 Agonists?
An introduction to the GLP-1 agonist class of medications for diabetes and weight management.
Last updated: January 19, 2026
What Are GLP-1 Agonists?
GLP-1 agonists are a class of medications that mimic a natural hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). They’re used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.
How Do They Work?
GLP-1 agonists work by:
- Increasing insulin when blood sugar is high
- Reducing glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar)
- Slowing digestion to keep you full longer
- Reducing appetite through brain signaling
Available GLP-1 Agonists
| Medication | Brand Names | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus | Weekly/Daily |
| Tirzepatide | Mounjaro, Zepbound | Weekly |
| Liraglutide | Victoza, Saxenda | Daily |
| Dulaglutide | Trulicity | Weekly |
| Exenatide | Byetta, Bydureon | Twice daily/Weekly |
Approved Uses
- Type 2 diabetes — blood sugar control
- Obesity — weight management (some formulations)
- Cardiovascular protection — reducing heart attack/stroke risk (some)
Common Side Effects
- Nausea (usually improves)
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Decreased appetite
- Injection site reactions
What’s New?
Newer medications like tirzepatide add GIP receptor activity, and investigational drugs like retatrutide add glucagon activity for potentially greater effects.
This guide is for educational purposes only. GLP-1 agonists require a prescription.
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Disclaimer: This educational guide does not constitute medical advice. The information presented is based on current research but should not be used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of any disease. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making health decisions.